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Focusing Scattered Rays (of tech)

Of all the areas of scientific discovery and technological development that occur daily, the two that I think are the most significant in the early 21st Century are renewable energy and open source software. Both of these will have profound effects on political and economic directions for the foreseeable future.

These technologies, and the socioeconomic changes that parallel them, might advance in fits and starts. But I would be surprised if they did not trend upward as time goes on. Interests with a stake in legacy technologies, such as fossil fuels, understandably may be expected to resist what might be considered rival technologies. But these same interests also could prosper from a strategic commitment to transition sooner instead of later to renewable energy technologies.

Similarly, the strategic adoption of open source software by major players in enterprise computing speaks volumes about the economic viability of this approach. There also are at least nods toward some implementation of open source by even the staunchest advocates of the traditional software licensing model. As the GNU license evolves in the face of various pressures, while on the other hand users rebel against excessive DRM demands, we may expect a generally satisfactory solution to emerge in time. This is not due necessarily to the inherent goodness of human nature, but certainly it will be necessary for human commerce to continue.

These trends can be cause for optimism from many perspectives, although these alone will not bring about utopia. But we may reasonably expect that they will open doors for entrepreneurs and companies small and large. I think they also contain the stuff to break down the digital divide between the tech haves and have-nots.

That is the background, and the substance follows below. Besides, this stuff is cool.

Column A – Renewable EnergyPower for Life & Locomotion

Column B – Open Source SoftwareStuff you can use

Bangkok Police go Green, with Biodiesel for Patrol CarsHere is an example of putting biodiesel to work for serious public safety service. The Bangkok Post had described how several in the community are saving their used vegetable oil and donating it to the police for their patrol cars.

It's a story of generosity and challenges.

The site biodieselnow.com is a rich resource for technical and practical information on biodiesel.

Convert Formats with Python Audio ToolsHave some audio files in one format, that you would like to convert to another? Try Python Audio Tools. This is an excellent audio format converter. It uses very simple syntax from the command line and does a great job. It will work with as many different formats as you can install. Remember that any tool, this one included, cannot create something that is not there—that is, it cannot add fidelity to a conversion from an already lossy format.

Required: You will need a working recent installation of the Python Interpreter. The Audio Tools installation instructions are very straightforward.

If you would like to "geek out" on audio formats, there also is an excellent PDF from the Audio Tools site that will explain a lot of aspects of audio, about which you might not have known to ask.

Community Supported AgricultureWhat would agriculture have to do with alternative fuels and renewable energy, other than growing crops for bio-based fuels? The answer could be "plenty."

Here's how: Local production and consumption of basic agricultural products would significantly reduce the burden on national and regional transportation systems. That reduces the gallons/watts of energy needed for trucks and trains—and this would have an associated benefit of reduced cost for road and rail maintenance (wouldn't it be great if the potholes on your favorite highway were patched faster). We still could have our favorite crops that don't grow in our region shipped in, but chances are we would find that we don't need to eat those special things as often anyway.

Local production and processing also would go far in meeting employment needs in economically depressed areas, where jobs have been sent elsewhere because they are no longer profitable under current circumstances. "Local" would and should be a major component of the solution to numerous regional and national problems.

Open Source Ports for Mac OS XTired of tweaking Linux and just want something productive? Get a Mac. Now that you have your Mac, do you miss all the fun things about tweaking? No problem.

Many of the open source projects, such as those on Sourceforge, are ported to Mac OS X. A Google search turns up a plethora of such projects and useful utilities.

See the link listed above, Open Source Ports for Mac OS X, for a forum post on MacResearch.org with a list of several websites featuring open source programs and utilities that are ported for Mac OS X, many of them already in compiled binary form.

No need to accept limits if you don't have to—and in this case, you don't have to.

WVO & SVO—What in the world is that?A growing number of people at least talk about alternatives to fossil fuels, especially for power generation and locomotion. Unfortunately, as of August 2007 there is no combination technological-economic silver bullet for the displacement of fossil fuels from their central place in national and world economies. It doesn't require agreement with global warming theories to observe that no one is breathing easier physically as a result of the emissions malaise.

Brazil's "successful" experiment with ethanol notwithstanding, there are serious complications for other industrialized countries involving the resources required to produce ethanol that regrettably change that equation to negative gain in too many settings. With current technology, ethanol production takes corn from hungry human mouths, and the ethanol production process uses more energy than it yields (even allowing for the upcoming use of non-corn cellulosic ethanol). Technology could change, so it might yet be too early to write off moonshine as a vehicle fuel.

But consider Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) and/or Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) as a diesel fuel. It's being used right now to power small fleets of vehicles in various parts of the world. One problem yet to be solved is that of a collection system that is quality controlled, fair, and accessible to businesses and individuals who would be willing to pass a certification inspection—if WVO/SVO fuels were used on a large scale, inspection/certification would be required for public health and safety. But even motorcycles are being built to run on WVO or SVO. There are dozens of serious references to private and business development of WVO/SVO fuels. It's a technology that deserves watching, as the current petroleum distribution infrastructure could be adapted to it with workable cost. The referenced link above is a good example of the resources that are available.

Fedora 7—Linux worthy of installation and useThe Fedora Linux Project, associated with Red Hat, is one of the more geeky and fully featured of the several Linux distributions. But for Fedora versions up through Core 6, one had to be a programmer, or at least a tweaker of code, to get it running the way you wanted or at least could live with. To a certain extent, that's the way it was intended and still is.

Although there still is plenty of geek room in Fedora 7 (they dropped the "Core" part in the name this time), this Fedora distro is noticeably friendlier. There are a lot of good distros available, and among them I've tried Debian and its derivatives Knoppix, Helix, and Ubuntu. I've also tried some more off-beat distros such as Damn Small Linux. One of the beauties of open source is the quick pace that things change and get improved.

The main link above refers to the adventures with Fedora 7 section on the LinuxNotes page on the MarWalk website. Follow the steps there, and you should have an up-and-running Fedora 7 machine in very short order.

Plug in—Drive onElectric cars, on the drawing board for 100 years and still it's a struggle for them to attain acceptance. However, even in the face of the "celebrated" death of the electric car, we are invited anew to plug in and drive. The day might be arriving faster than previously thought when coulombs prove more profitable than crude, for both car maker and car driver.

Samba—Windows sharing on Unix flavorsOne of the most popular ways to connect to a remote file server or mount a volume on another client is through the Server Message Block (SMB) or Common Internet File System (CIFS) that is made much easier with the Samba suite of utilities. Unlike the Unix oriented Network File System (NFS), Samba is built to provide cross-platform file sharing. The GPL license requirements for Samba developers emphasizes its open source nature.

Get a job—in eco-techEmployment areas include wind power and solar energy, water utilities & wastewater treatment works, solid waste management & resource recovery & municipal recycling, green building, land trusts, urban & regional planning, brownfield redevelopment, environmental consulting & engineering, and an assortment of related positions. Try some of these terms in your search strings and see what openings turn up.

GIMP—an excellent open source graphic editorGIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed piece of software for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. It works on many operating systems, in many languages. This is a superbly featured application can work with numerous file formats and hold its own against commercial competitors. Software ports are available for Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows.

Atmospheric CarbonTrackerAccording to the site: "CarbonTracker is a system that calculates carbon dioxide uptake and release at the Earth's surface over time. It estimates the carbon dioxide exchange from an 'atmospheric point of view'. " What it is used for, again according to the site: "Policy makers, industry, scientists, and the public need CarbonTracker information to make informed decisions to limit greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere." Good tool to track the game; now to improve the score … .

LilyPond ... music notation for everyone This program is awesome. According to the site: "LilyPond is a batch system: it is run on a text-file containing the notes. The resulting output is viewed on-screen or printed." See a comparison of the text based "code" and the printed results at http://lilypond.org/web/switch/howto. You can do music notes with lyrics, guitar chords, simple to orchestrally complex; all with an editable text file. Output in midi and/or pdf. GNU license is right on the money.

Ocean Wave EnergyThe concept of using the motion of tidal ocean waves has been around for several decades. It bubbles up in the news occasionally, as it has recently in Scotland. This seems like a no brainer. The ocean waves are constant 24/7, unlike wind and a sunny day. Certainly not as messy as fossil fuels in any form. Wave generators also have a reduced visual impact compared with wind propellers and solar panel arrays; much less cause for the neighbors to object on aesthetic grounds.

UnicodeChecker (for Mac OS X)If you've ever been frustrated by trying to find the exact value of a Unicode character to display in a document or web page, this sharp utility will be just what you need. The Unicode.org site can be daunting to navigate if you're not used to its layout. With UnicodeChecker it's easy to see a character's value in Unicode Hex, UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32 Hex. Although not open source in the GNU sense, it is freeware with AppleScript support. Works on only Mac OS X 10.3 or higher.

Straight vegetable oil as diesel fuelThis process has been around for a while, mostly in isolated instances up to now. Consider the use of used cooking oils from restaurants and institutional food facilities that is just thrown out as waste. No extra farmland taken from food production as required for ethanol. No prohibitively expensive manufacturing processes for hydrogen fuel cells and engines. Replace the gasoline engines in hybrid-electric cars with vegetable biodiesel engines and this viable alternative is possible. Today.

ImageJ public domain image processor The long title is "Image Processing and Analysis in Java." Apparently developed for scientific and academic use, ImageJ is a convenient and simple to use image editor that runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac (both OS 9 and OS X). The program includes simple tools to do most of what you need to do with scanned photographs and other images; that being the ability to crop, rotate, and save in common formats. The ImageJ website has clear and complete install and usage instructions. Nice utility.

Living Green - cheaperHaving power to spare, and share. It might not be as expensive as you think.

Web Server for WindowsA lot of things that originated in the Linux geek world have been ported to Win32. Install this on your Windows computer, and play with this small web server on your local network at home—the pre-tweaking has already been done for you.